Firm Characteristics, Business Environment, Strategic Orientation, and Performance

The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the influence firm characteristics (size, age, industry type, and ownership) on a firm’s strategic orientation. business environment, namely market uncertainty competition intensity, also analysed in association with Furthermore, implication orientation for performance tested. used 1024 data sets 128 manufacturing firms listed Indonesia stock exchange from 2014 2021. Data panel regression independent t-tests were employed statistical analysis. Adopting Miles Snow’s strategy typology framework, findings indicated that size, intensity significantly Small preferred adopt proactive (prospector analyser). Firms fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) tended Strategic was found positively performance. (analyser prospector) showed better than defensive ones (reactor defender).